INSTALL(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual INSTALL(8) NNAAMMEE IINNSSTTAALLLL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/sandpoint. CCOONNTTEENNTTSS About this Document............................................2 What is NetBSD?................................................2 Changes Between The NetBSD 5.0 and 6.0 Releases................3 General kernel..............................................3 Networking..................................................4 File systems................................................4 Security....................................................4 Drivers.....................................................4 Platforms...................................................7 Userland...................................................13 Components removed from NetBSD.............................16 Features to be removed in a later release.....................17 The NetBSD Foundation.........................................17 Sources of NetBSD.............................................17 NetBSD 6.0 Release Contents...................................17 NetBSD/sandpoint subdirectory structure....................18 Binary distribution sets...................................18 NetBSD/sandpoint System Requirements and Supported Devices....20 Supported 824x based NAS systems...........................20 824x.......................................................21 Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................21 Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................22 Installing the NetBSD System..................................22 Prepare the NFS or TFTP server.............................22 The altboot bootloader.....................................22 Booting the installer......................................22 Running the sysinst installation program...................23 Introduction............................................23 Possible hardware problems..............................23 General.................................................23 Quick install...........................................23 Booting NetBSD..........................................24 Network configuration...................................24 Installation drive selection and parameters.............25 Selecting which sets to install.........................25 Partitioning the disk...................................25 Preparing your hard disk................................25 Getting the distribution sets...........................26 Installation from CD-ROM................................26 Installation using ftp..................................26 Installation using NFS..................................26 Installation from an unmounted file system..............27 Installation from a local directory.....................27 Extracting the distribution sets........................27 Configure additional items..............................27 Finalizing your installation............................27 Post installation steps.......................................27 Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................30 Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............30 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 5.x releases.......31 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 4.x releases.......31 Using online NetBSD documentation.............................31 Administrivia.................................................32 Thanks go to..................................................33 We are........................................................33 Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................39 The End.......................................................44 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN AAbboouutt tthhiiss DDooccuummeenntt This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 6.0 on the _s_a_n_d_p_o_i_n_t platform. It is available in four different formats titled _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._e_x_t, where _._e_x_t is one of _._p_s, _._h_t_m_l, _._m_o_r_e, or _._t_x_t: _._p_s PostScript. _._h_t_m_l Standard Internet HTML. _._m_o_r_e The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line _m_a_n pages are generally pre- sented. _._t_x_t Plain old ASCII. You are reading the _m_o_r_e version. WWhhaatt iiss NNeettBBSSDD?? The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Net- working Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on 57 different system architectures (ports) across 15 distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 6.0 release contains complete binary releases for many different system architectures. (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. Please see the NetBSD web site at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg// for information on them.) NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly por- table, high performance kernel, NetBSD features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that NetBSD wouldn't exist. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 55..00 aanndd 66..00 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 6.0 release provides numerous significant functional enhance- ments, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhance- ments. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that went into the NetBSD 6.0 release. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES: hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--66..00//CCHHAANNGGEESS and CHANGES-6.0: hhttttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--66..00//CCHHAANNGGEESS--66..00 files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 6.0 release tree. Some highlights include: _G_e_n_e_r_a_l _k_e_r_n_e_l ++oo time_t and dev_t are now 64 bits. ++oo Much-improved compat_linux support for running Linux binaries. ++oo Added a generic producer/consumer queue. ++oo Added a new ptree ( Patricia / RADIX tree ) implementation. ++oo Removed MALLOC() and FREE() macros. ++oo Compute kern.ipc.shmmaxpages on startup based on physical memory. Can be overridden via sysctl(8). ++oo kmem_alloc(9): Add more extensive runtime debugging facilities. ++oo File descriptor access performance improvements were made. ++oo cpu_reboot(9): tear down stacks of devices and file systems in an orderly fashion during shutdown. ++oo Added 'show vmem' and 'show all vmems' commands to ddb(4). ++oo Added high-priority xcall(9) support. ++oo Added direct select()/poll() support. ++oo Add PCU (Per-CPU Unit) interface to unify synchronization of per CPU context, like lazy FPU management. ++oo Added new system calls pipe2(2), paccept(2), kqueue1(2), flags SOCK_CLOEXEC/SOCK_NONBLOCK to socket(2), socketpair(2), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC to fcntl(2), and a MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC to recvfrom(2) to be able to set close-on-exec to all newly created file descriptors. ++oo Major improvements to uvm_map(9), uvm_km(9), vmem(9), and kmem(9) layers. ++oo Removed ltsleep(9) and wakeup_one(9). ++oo Rewrote most of the entropy-gathering and entropy-distributing code, separating the rnd(4) pseudodevice from the bitstream generation code cprng(9) and entropy-pool code rnd(9). ++oo kmem_alloc(9): add more extensive runtime debugging facilities. ++oo Kernel support for posix_spawn(3). _N_e_t_w_o_r_k_i_n_g ++oo ip(4): added IP_RECVTTL option to let recvmsg(2) return the TTL of the received datagram. ++oo ip(4): added IP_MINTTL option to discard packets with a TTL lower than the option value. ++oo Added SOCK_SEQPACKET for local sockets. ++oo Added net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho sysctl(7), to disable ICMP replies to the braodcast address. ++oo Make TCP window size autoscaling the default. ++oo Derive the mbuf cluster (NMBCLUSTERS) at boot time from the available memory. The default can be raised by changing kern.mbuf.nmbclusters ++oo Added NPF, the NetBSD Packet Filter. ++oo udp(4): implement RFC6056 port selection algorithms. _F_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m_s ++oo Added CHFS, a file system for flash devices. ++oo The default behavior when mounting empty msdosfs file systems has been changed to assume long filenames. The behavior with populated file systems has not changed. ++oo UDF: Added support for session opening/closing on sequential media. ++oo ext2fs: Added support for >128 byte inodes. ++oo Import OpenSolaris ZFS code. Experimental-only; does not work yet. ++oo ffs: New quota support. This adds a new on-disk format to store disk quota usage and limits, integrated with ffs metadata. Usage is checked by fsck_ffs(8) (no more quotacheck) and is covered by the WAPBL journal. Enabled with kernel option QUOTA2. _S_e_c_u_r_i_t_y ++oo secmodel_bsd44(9), secmodel_securelevel(9): Add provisions to control access to gpio(4) pins. ++oo security.conf(5): Add check_pkg_vulnerabilities and check_pkg_signa- tures to validate the installed packages against the vulnerabilities database and the expected checksums for their files. _D_r_i_v_e_r_s ++oo Audio: -- Added gcscaudio(4) driver for AMD Geode CS5536. -- Added hdaudio(4), a new standards-compliant Intel High Definition Audio driver written to replace azalia(4). -- audio(9): Audio drivers are now MP-safe. ++oo Hardware Monitoring: -- sysmon_envsys(9): Enhancements to allow access to driver-internal limit values. -- acpicpu(4): Add a driver for ACPI-based processor functionality. -- acpipmtr(4): Add a driver for ACPI power meters. -- acpismbus(4): ACPI SMBus Control Method Interface driver. -- acpiwdrt(4): ACPI Watchdog Resource Tables driver. -- acpiwmi(4): Windows Management Instrumentation support for ACPI. Also added mappings for wmidell(4), wmieeepc(4), wmihp(4), and wmimsi(4). -- aibs(4): New driver for ASUSTeK AI Booster (ACPI ASOC ATK0110) hardware monitor with limit support. -- amdtemp(4): Add support for Family 12h. -- dbcool(4): Added support for ADM1031 thermal sensor / fan con- troller. ++oo Networking: -- Added support for more chip revisions to re(4). Added hardware checksum support for newer PCIe 8168C/8111C/8102E chips. -- Switch ath(4) from the binary HAL to the open-source HAL from Sam Leffler. -- Added bwi(4) driver for Broadcom AirForce / Apple Airport Extreme network cards. -- Added flow control and RTL8211C(L) PHY support to rgephy(4). -- Added age(4) and atphy(4) drivers for Attansic/Atheros L1 Gigabit Ethernet and F1 PHY, respectively. -- Added support for flow control to sk(4). -- Added support for flow control on MCP65 to nfe(4). -- Added TCPv4/UDPv4 RX hardware checksum support for i82559 and later chips to fxp(4). -- wm(4): Added ICH10, PCH, PCH2, 82575, 82576, 82580 and I350 devices support. Added some other improvements and workarounds. -- bge(4): added misc quirk code for chip specific bugs. -- Added ale(4): Attansic/Atheros L1E Gigabit Ethernet. -- agr(4): added support for layering vlans on top, and allow LACP to be disabled. -- alc(4): Add a driver for Atheros AR813x/AR815x Ethernet. -- aue(4): Add support for I-O DATA ETX-US2. -- bnx(4): Added support for Broadcom BCM5709 and BCM5716 chips. Add support for Broadcom BCM5709S (SerDes) chip. -- et(4), etphy(4): Add a driver for Agere/LSI ET1310/ET1301 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet device and the Agere/LSI ET1011 TruePHY Gigabit Ethernet PHY. -- kue(4): fixed unaligned memory accesses so it now works on ARM and MIPS machines. -- ne(4): add proper support for NE2000 8-bit mode. -- nfe(4): Add support for flow control for MCP65. -- otus(4): Atheros AR9100U driver. -- smsh(4): Add a SMSC LAN9118 Family Ethernet driver. -- upgt(4): Add a driver for Conexant/Intersil PrismGT SoftMAC USB IEEE 802.11b/g WLAN. ++oo Storage: -- Added an experimental in-kernel iSCSI initiator, from Wasabi Sys- tems. -- viaide(4): Added VT8237S Integrated SATA controller support, and VT6410 PATA RAID controller support (without RAID). -- Added LVM functionality with dm(4) driver and lvm2 userland tools. -- Added support for 82965PM to piixide(4). -- vnd(4): implemented DIOCCACHESYNC. Also, allow vnd(4) to be backed by a sparse file. -- Added sdmmc(4) driver for SD/MMC. -- mvsata(4): support the Marvell Hercules-I/II SATA controllers. -- flash(9): Add a subsystem to handle flash memory devices, and nand(9), a subsystem to handle NAND controllers. -- mfi(4): Add support for LSI's newer (GEN2) RAID controller. -- nside(4): Add a driver for the National Semiconductor PC87415 IDE controller. -- raid(4): ++oo RAIDFrame parity maps, which greatly improve parity rewrite times after unclean shutdown. ++oo Added support for non 512-byte sector devices. ++oo Added support for >2TB devices. ++oo USB: -- uftdi(4): Added support for REX-USB60F. -- ehci(4): work around USB subsystem freeze for SB600/SB700 chipsets. -- ums(4): Added touchpanel support. ++oo Graphics and Video: -- drm(4): updated to mesa-drm 85b9f737db0d2a845e4d7e2bbf9ad12ff9e2227c. -- acpivga(4): ACPI Video Extensions driver. -- agp(4): Added support for Intel G35, Intel G45, and Intel 82855GM. -- auvitek(4): Add a driver for Auvitek AU0828 family USB video cap- ture controllers. -- dtv(4): Add new digital TV framework. -- cxdtv(4): Add driver for Conexant CX23880-based DTV cards. -- emdtv(4): Add a driver for Empia EM28xx family USB video capture controllers. -- omapfb(4): a simple driver for OMAP 3xxx on-chip video, espe- cially the Beagleboard. ++oo Miscellaneous: -- Added Elantech multi-touch trackpad support to pms(4). -- Added the altmem(4) ``alternative memory'' disk driver, which allows memory that is normally inaccessible by the machine-dependent pmap(9) to be used (as swap space). -- ichlpcib(4): support 82801IEM LPC Interface Bridge. -- Complete rework of gpio(4) to integrate with kauth(9), allow for runtime driver attachment, and naming of individual pins. Add gpiosim(4) driver to simulate a gpio(4) device for testing pur- poses. -- Added gpioiic(4) driver to bit-bang an I2C bus using GPIO pins. -- btmagic(4): Apple Magic Mouse driver. -- vmt(4): Add a VMware Tools driver, from OpenBSD. _P_l_a_t_f_o_r_m_s ++oo x86 ( i386, amd64): -- pxeboot(8) now parses boot.cfg(5). -- The bootloader has been enhanced to support framebuffer consoles using VESA BIOS extensions. x86 ports now work with the genfb(4) framebuffer, and the i386-only vesafb(4) framebuffer has been obsoleted. -- Added ucas(9) support for x86. -- sysinst(8) now defaults to UFS2 for x86 platforms. -- CPU topology detection suport for AMD processors. -- Enable Ext2fs support in bootloader. -- Booting from a disk with a GUID Partition Table (GPT) is now pos- sible. -- Support userconf(4) command in boot.cfg(5). ++oo i386: -- Use ``i486'' as GNU_ARCH. -- Added PAE (Physical Address Extension) support. -- Better support for VIA C7 CPUs. ++oo amd64: -- Added direct map support (mapping of all physical memory using large pages). ++oo alpha: -- X11: add support for X11FLAVOUR=xorg. -- Support for Avalon A12 removed. -- Converted Alpha to use PCU to manage FPU. ++oo amiga: -- Added basic PCI support. -- efa(4): ELBOX FastATA 1200 driver. -- Add a driver for BlizzardPPC 603e+ SCSI. ++oo amigappc: -- A CSPPC system with ahsc(4) or cbiiisc(4) boots into multiuser; -- Onboard serial now works. -- efa(4): ELBOX FastATA 1200 driver. ++oo ARM ports( acorn26, acorn32, cats, evbarm, hpcarm, iyonix, netwinder, shark, zaurus): -- Cortex-A8 CPU support is available. -- i.MX51 SoC support is available. ++oo atari: -- Add support for the SMC Elite Ultra Ethernet with the SMC_TT VME- ISA bridge. -- Add support for the EtherNEC, ISA NE2000 based Ethernet connected to Atari ROM cartridge slot. ++oo bebox: -- Support xserver. Tested on s3(TRIO 64V+). ++oo cobalt: -- Add LBA48 support to bootloader so that it can safely load a ker- nel from NetBSD partition beyond >137GB boundary. ++oo dreamcast: -- Fixed a long standing GD-ROM driver bug so that file system on GD-ROM works properly. -- Build and put a raw binary format kernel into distribution. -- Switch to using Xorg servers and binaries. ++oo evbarm: -- -- Added support for Gumstix Verdex and Verdex Pro. -- Support Marvell Sheevaplug and some Marvell SoC NAS boxes. -- Add initial support for Sharp NetWalker MID. -- Add driver for OMAP NAND controllers. -- Add FriendlyARM Mini2440 support. -- Add initial support for the RaspberryPi. No support yet for the USB controller, the Ethernet interface, or the video chip. Serial console works, and boots multiuser. ++oo evbmips: -- Added voyagerfb(4) driver, for the Gdium Liberty 1000's video controller. -- Added support for RMI XLS6ATX_7A board and XL SoC family. -- Added support for RMI (NetLogic) XLS/XLR models. ++oo evbppc: -- Enable builds for OEA, ibm4xx and Book-E modules. ++oo evbsh3: -- Add support for Alpha Project MS104-SH4, TAC T-SH7706LAN Rev.3 and TAC T-SH7706LSR Rev.1. ++oo hp300: -- Switch NetBSD/hp300 to wscons with rasops. -- Add support for framebuffers on HP362 and HP382. -- Add support for Apollo Domain keyboard. ++oo hp700: -- Added support for UFS2 boot. -- pmap update: Support PA 2.0 machines in 32 bit mode. Improve sup- port for machines without the PA7100LC or PA7300LC CPUs. -- Added ucas(9) support for hp700. -- com at dino now works. -- lcd(4): Driver for hp700 lcds added. -- Add support for elroy(4), astro(4), and ssio(4) based 64-bit machines running in 32-bit mode. -- Update sti(4) and add pci(4) attachment. -- Add support for HIL devices. -- Support added for machines with the uturn(4) I/O subsystem. ++oo hpcarm: -- Add support for Sharp W-ZERO3 series. -- Use rtc_offset passed from hpcboot. -- Bump MAXPARTITIONS from 8 to 16. -- Switch to using Xorg servers and binaries. -- Improve console speed on W-ZERO3 machines using write through mapping for framebuffer memory. -- Improve install on JORNADA720. ++oo hpcmips: -- Switch to using Xorg servers and binaries. ++oo hpcsh: -- Switch to using Xorg servers and binaries. -- Add sysinst(8) support. ++oo landisk: -- Added UFS2 boot support. -- Enable to build a bootable install disk image. ++oo luna68k: -- Enable LUNA to load -current kernels director from firmware. -- Make SCSI work properly. -- Use the original OMRON font derived from 4.4BSD-Lite/luna68k rather than gallant19 which is used on Sun workstations. -- Complete LUNA-II support. ++oo mac68k: -- Add timecounter support to the CSI Hurdler Centronics Parallel Interface cpi(4) driver. ++oo macppc: -- Support new-style module(7) kernel modules. ++oo m68k ports ( amiga, atari, cesfic, hp300, luna68k, mac68k, mvme68k, news68k, next68k, sun2, sun3, x68k): -- Re-enable m68k optimized in_cksum routine. -- Support module(7) loading. -- Fixed a regression in FPU_EMULATE code that caused weird awk(1) behavior. -- Add hyperbotic and trigonometric functions to m68k FPE. ++oo mips ports ( algor, arc, cobalt, emips, evbmips, ews4800, hpcmips, mipsco, newsmips, pmax, sbmips, sgimips): -- Added support for 64-bit MIPS processors (O32, N32, N64 ABIs are supported). -- Added SMP support for MIPS architecture. -- Rewritten interrupt handling to be much more efficient, added "fast" software interrupts and kernel preemption. -- Converted MIPS to use PCU to manage FPU. -- Added MIPS32R2 and MIPS64R2 support. -- Rework Atheros MIPS-based SoC support. Add initial support for AR71xx (24K) and AR9344 (74K) SoCs -- Added support for ralink RT3883 SoC from CradlePoint Technolo- gies. -- Added support for MIPS DSP v2 ASE. ++oo ofppc: -- Support Gigabit Ethernet Controller for MV64361 on PegasosII. -- Support for RDB partitions. ++oo pmax: -- Added UFS2 boot support. ++oo powerpc ports ( amigappc, bebox, evbppc, ibmnws, macppc, mvmeppc, ofppc, pmppc, prep, rs6000, sandpoint, walnut): -- Add support for using secure PLT (thereby allowing data and bss of powerpc programs and shared library to be set non-executable). -- Added support for Book E Freescale MPC85xx (e500 core) proces- sors. Added "fast" software interrupts support and SOFTFLOAT for PowerPC (Book E only), reworked FPU/VEC support for e500 SPE, other improvements. -- Converted PowerPC to use PCU to manage FPU/AltiVec/SPE. -- Initial SMP support for MPC85xx, reworked and unified IPI code, various other improvements. -- Switch to using direct-mapped uareas (pcb + kernel stacks). -- The generic PIC code now supports Matt Thomas's fast softintr code. ++oo prep: -- Support Xserver. Tested with on-board s3(864). ++oo sandpoint: -- Added support for Marvell-SKnet in netboot. -- D-Link DSM-G600 support. -- Add support for booting from RAID 1. -- Iomega Storcenter support. -- Netronix NH-230/231 and compatible NAS are supported. ++oo sgimips: -- Added support for Personal IRIS 4D/20 and 4D/25 (IP6 and IP10). -- mec(4): Added RX hardware checksum support on O2. -- ++oo sh3ports ( dreamcast, evbsh3, hpcsh, landisk, mmeye): -- Add some support for SH7706. ++oo shark: -- Added support for module(7) -style kernel modules. -- chipsfb(4) now works on shark. ++oo sparc: -- Switch sparc port to use wscons(4) -- zx(4): added wscons(4) support. -- tcx(4): support wsdisplay(4) and acceleration. -- apc(4): a driver for the Aurora Personality Chip (APC) found on SPARCstation-4/5 and qemu. Allows to idle the CPU when in the idle loop. -- Re-enable sparc optimized in_cksum routine. -- Added support for module(7) -style kernel modules. ++oo sparc64: -- zx(4): added wscons(4) support. -- Add a driver for LOMlite lights out management hardware monitor and watchdog timer. -- Add real UltraSPARC-III* CPU support. -- Add initial support for Fujitsu SPARC64 systems, not yet stable. -- ffb(4): Added EDID (Extended Display Identification Data) read- ing, and video mode setting support. -- Added fast softint(9) support. -- Add support for Enterprise systems (Ex[45]00) systems. ++oo x68k: -- Switched pow(4) to use powerd(8). -- Fix bootloader failure on X68030+060turbo. -- Removed pow(4) and rtcalarm(8). -- powsw(4): a revised power switch driver. ++oo xen: -- Add PCI pass-through support for Xen3. Dom0 kernel gets a pciback(4) driver, to which the device specified in the pciback.hide boot parameter will attach. DomU kernels get a xpci(4) driver, to which PCI busses will attach. -- Added XEN3PAE_DOM0, an i386 dom0 kernel with PAE support. Requires an i386PAE or x86_64 hypervisor. -- balloon(4): Balloon driver now enabled for all Xen kernels. -- Dropped Xen 2 support. Xen 3.1 or later is now required. -- Added support for request-rx-copy in the virtual network device backend. -- Provide experimental support for suspend/resume in NetBSD domUs. -- Enable no-execute bit feature for i386pae and amd64 kernels. -- Added support for feature-flush-cache in block device backend, used in block device frontend for DIOCCACHESYNC. ++oo zaurus: -- Added zboot. -- Added playback and recording support to zaudio(4). -- Add Xorg support. -- Add ioexp driver for SL-C1000. -- Add PXA25x based Zaurus SL-C700/750/760/860 support. _U_s_e_r_l_a_n_d ++oo 3rd party software updates: -- acpi(4): ACPICA updated to 20110623. -- atf(7) is version 0.15. -- ISC cron(8) 4.1. -- OpenSSH version 1.0.1c -- lvm2tools 2.02.44 and libdevmapper 1.02.30 -- dhcpcd-5.5.4 -- am-utils updated from head; adds UDF support and -uu -- CVS 1.12.13 -- BIND 9.9.1-P4. -- libbind 6.0-rc1. -- FSF binutils 2.21.1a. -- httpd(8): bozohttpd-20111118 -- file(1) 5.09 -- ntp 4.2.6p5 -- flex(1) version 2.5.35. -- gcc(1) version 4.5.3. -- gdb(1) version 7.3.1. -- GNU MP 5.0.2. -- less(1) version 444. -- libfetch 2.23 -- Lua 5.1.4 -- OpenLDAP 2.4.23 -- SQLite 3.6.9 -- tmux(1) 1.5 -- trousers-0.3.8; tmp-tools 1.3.7.1 -- xz(1) 5.0.0 -- byacc-20110908 -- tzdata2011n -- dns-sd(1): Import mDNSResponder 212.1. ++oo Libraries: -- libc: ++oo Add new ptree (Patricia / RADIX tree) implementation. ++oo Added fopendir(3). ++oo Added RFC 2045 MIME Quoted-Printable support. ++oo Added glob_pattern_p(3). ++oo Added memrchr(3). ++oo Added stpcpy(3), stpncpy(3), and strnlen(3). ++oo Added %s (seconds since the Epoch) to strptime(3), for symme- try with strftime(3). ++oo Added the getdate(3) and getdate_err value, conforming to IEEE Std 1003.1 ( ``POSIX.1'' ) and the Open Group Base Specifications X/Open System Inter- faces extension ( ``XSI'' ). ++oo Added getdelim(3) and getline(3). ++oo Added posix_spawn(3). ++oo Added a space-efficient write-once database ( cdbr(3), cdbw(3) ). ++oo Provide a re-entrant and thread-safe set of timezone APIs that don't require locking and can operate on user-specified timezones. -- libm: Add f{dim,max,min}{,f,l} from FreeBSD. -- Replaced termcap with terminfo(3). -- perfuse: Add the PUFFS RElay to FUSE library, which bridges the kernel level API for FUSE filesystems with native PUFFS. -- rump(3) ++oo Moved VFS functionality from librump to a new library, librumpvfs. ++oo Added support for remote system calls. ++oo Add IPv6 support to rumpnet. ++oo Support kernel config framework and devices in rumpdev. ++oo rumpfs: support registering exernal files which are accessed from the host OS file system namespace instead of from within the rump virtual kernel. ++oo rumpvfs: Use the unmodified kernel vnode pager. -- bluetooth(3): updated the Bluetooth service discovery API and merged it into libbluetooth, retiring the separate libsdp. ++oo Installer (sysinst): -- Default to wapbl(4) logging for UFS partitions. -- Make sure the installer rejects UFS2 for root partitions on ports whose bootloaders don't support booting from UFS2. ++oo Changes to the way make(1) processes .for loops. ++oo makefs(8): Added support for encoding RISC OS metadata into ISO9660 file systems. ++oo mount(8): Added -o rump , which mounts the file system as a userspace server via puffs(4) and rump(3) instead of using a kernel drver. ++oo dkctl(8): Display cache, strategy and list of wedges if no command is specified on the command line. ++oo ar(1): Added support for ``deterministic mode'' ++oo Added crash(8), a new utility to debug kernel images, based on the in-kernel debugger, ddb(4). ++oo eject(1) now has amd(8) support. ++oo mtree(8): add -S option to sort entries. ++oo Imported netpgp(1), a BSD-licensed PGP implementation. ++oo install(1): Added support for writing sha256, sha384, or sha512 hashes to a METALOG. ++oo rpcgen(1): Added support for hyper and quad keywords. ++oo New wakeonlan(8) command to send Wake-on-LAN packets to machines on the local Ethernet. ++oo Added nbperf(1), a minimal perfect hash function generator. ++oo unzip(1): a libarchive-based unzip frontend. ++oo apropos(1): new implementation using SQLite Full Text Index. ++oo audiocfg(1): new tool to control audio defaults. ++oo devpubd(8): Add a device publishing daemon for automatic device node creation. ++oo disklabel(8): Disable COMPAT_386BSD_MBRPART. ++oo dkctl(8): Display cache, strategy, and list of wedges if no command is specified in the command line. ++oo fincore(1): Add a utility to query file cache. ++oo ifconfig(8): Add the linkstr command which can be used to communicate an arbitrary string with the interface driver. ++oo man(1): display a manpage when specified with a path. ++oo mkubootimage(1): Added a tool to generate u-boot kernel images. Besides this list, there have also been innumerable bug fixes and miscel- laneous enhancements. _C_o_m_p_o_n_e_n_t_s _r_e_m_o_v_e_d _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D In this release of NetBSD, the following software components have been removed from the system. Some were not useful anymore, or their utility did not justify the maintenance overhead. Others were not working prop- erly and there was a lack of interest in fixing them. ++oo Support for Xen 2 has been dropped. Xen 3.1 or later is now required to run NetBSD. ++oo Support for LKMs (Loadable Kernel Modules) was dropped; use the new module(7) framework. ++oo ``softdep'' support is no longer available in FFS; use wapbl(4) logging instead. ++oo The playstation2: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppoorrttss//ppllaayyssttaattiioonn22// port. ++oo tn3270 was removed from base; it is available in pkgsrc. ++oo Support for Darwin, Mach, IRIX and PECOFF emulation was retired. FFeeaattuurreess ttoo bbee rreemmoovveedd iinn aa llaatteerr rreelleeaassee The following features are to be removed from NetBSD in the future: ++oo dhclient(8) and rtsol(8) in favor of dhcpcd(8). ++oo groff(1) is being phased out. Man pages are handled with mandoc(1), and groff(1) can still be found in pkgsrc as _t_e_x_t_p_r_o_c_/_g_r_o_f_f. ++oo kame_ipsec(4) has been replaced by fast_ipsec(4). The option to use the old implementation (see options(4)) will be removed in the next NetBSD release. TThhee NNeettBBSSDD FFoouunnddaattiioonn The NetBSD Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corpora- tion that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the NetBSD Project and owns the trademark of the word ``NetBSD''. It sup- ports the design, development, and adoption of NetBSD worldwide. More information on the NetBSD Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ffoouunnddaattiioonn// SSoouurrcceess ooff NNeettBBSSDD Refer to hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmiirrrroorrss// NNeettBBSSDD 66..00 RReelleeaassee CCoonntteennttss The root directory of the NetBSD 6.0 release is organized as follows: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_6_._0_/ CHANGES Changes between the 5.0 and 6.0 releases. CHANGES-6.0 Changes between the initial 6.0 branch and final release of 6.0. CHANGES.prev Changes in previous NetBSD releases. LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes and notes about the release. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. _s_o_u_r_c_e_/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 6.0 has a binary distribution. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the _s_o_u_r_c_e subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: ggnnuussrrcc This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. sshhaarreessrrcc This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the dictionaries; and more. ssrrcc This set contains all of the base NetBSD 6.0 sources which are not in ggnnuussrrcc, sshhaarreessrrcc, or ssyyssssrrcc. ssyyssssrrcc This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 6.0 kernel for all architectures as well as the config(1) utility. xxssrrcc This set contains the sources to the X Window System. All the above source sets are located in the _s_o_u_r_c_e_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the distribution tree. The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. Except for the ppkkggssrrcc set, which is traditionally unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c, all sets may be unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c with the command: # ccdd // ;; ttaarr --zzxxppff sseett__nnaammee..ttggzz In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: MD5 MD5 digests in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --aa MMDD55 _f_i_l_e. SHA512 SHA512 digests in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --aa SSHHAA551122 _f_i_l_e. The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. _N_e_t_B_S_D_/_s_a_n_d_p_o_i_n_t _s_u_b_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e The sandpoint-specific portion of the NetBSD 6.0 release is found in the _s_a_n_d_p_o_i_n_t subdirectory of the distribution: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_6_._0_/_s_a_n_d_p_o_i_n_t_/. It contains the following files and directories: _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._h_t_m_l _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._p_s _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._t_x_t _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._m_o_r_e Installation notes in various file formats, including this file. The _._m_o_r_e file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display. _b_i_n_a_r_y_/ _k_e_r_n_e_l_/ _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_G_E_N_E_R_I_C_._g_z A generic kernel suitable for most Sandpoint-based NAS products. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._g_z An install kernel for most Sandpoint- based NAS products. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_N_S_T_A_L_L___K_U_R_O_._g_z An install kernel for KuroBox / LinkStation NAS boards. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_K_U_R_O_B_O_X_._g_z A kernel for KuroBox / LinkStation NAS boards. _s_e_t_s_/ sandpoint binary distribution sets; see below. _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/ _a_l_t_b_o_o_t sandpoint bootloader in ELF format; see below _a_l_t_b_o_o_t_._b_i_n sandpoint bootloader in binary format; see below _a_l_t_b_o_o_t_._i_m_g sandpoint bootloader as an U-Boot/PPCBoot image, suitable for bootm; see below _B_i_n_a_r_y _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD sandpoint binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the NetBSD 6.0 release for sandpoint. The binary distribution sets can be found in the _s_a_n_d_p_o_i_n_t_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the NetBSD 6.0 distribution tree, and are as follows: bbaassee The NetBSD 6.0 sandpoint bbaassee binary distribution. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be mini- mally functional. ccoommpp Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (_/_u_s_r_/_i_n_c_l_u_d_e) and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the bbaassee set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. eettcc This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in _/_e_t_c and in several other places. This set _m_u_s_t be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should _n_o_t be used if you are upgrading. ggaammeess This set includes the games and their manual pages. kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC This set contains a NetBSD/sandpoint 6.0 GENERIC kernel for most Sandpoint-based NAS products, named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d. kkeerrnn--KKUURROOBBOOXX This set contains a NetBSD/sandpoint 6.0 KUROBOX kernel for KuroBox / LinkStation boards, named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d. You _m_u_s_t install one of these distribution sets for your machine. mmaann This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the bbaassee set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. mmiisscc This set includes the system dictionaries, the typesettable doc- ument set, and other files from _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e. tteexxtt This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibility. These sources are based on X.Org. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are: xxbbaassee The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers. xxccoommpp The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code. xxffoonntt Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients. xxeettcc Configuration files for X which could be locally modified. xxsseerrvveerr The X server. The sandpoint binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension ..ttggzz, e.g. _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z. The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are extracted _b_e_l_o_w _t_h_e _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the ttaarr --xxzzppff command from the root directory ( _/ ) of your system. _N_o_t_e_: Each directory in the sandpoint binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. NNeettBBSSDD//ssaannddppooiinntt SSyysstteemm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss aanndd SSuuppppoorrtteedd DDeevviicceess NetBSD/sandpoint is a port based on Motorola's SandPoint evaluation sys- tem. The SandPoint is the successor to the Yellowknife system. Based on the SandPoint 824x architecture several consumer directed NAS (Network Attached Storage) systems were published. The main focus of this port is on these systems, while the original evaluation boards are still sup- ported. _S_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _8_2_4_x _b_a_s_e_d _N_A_S _s_y_s_t_e_m_s The listed models of the following vendors are supported (installed NIC and disk device in brackets): _A_l_l_n_e_t ++oo (_r_e_/_i_t_e_i_d_e) 6250 ++oo (_r_e_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) 6260 _B_u_f_f_a_l_o_, _K_u_r_o_B_o_x ++oo (_t_l_p_/_c_m_d_i_d_e) Classic KuroBox, LinkStation HD-HDLAN(LS1) ++oo (_r_e_/_c_m_d_i_d_e) KuroBox HG ++oo (_r_e_/_i_t_e_i_d_e) Gigabit LinkStation HD-HGLAN ++oo (_r_e_/_i_t_e_i_d_e) Classic TeraStation HD-HTGL ++oo (_r_e_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) TeraStation Pro TS-TGL v1 _C_o_n_c_e_p_t_r_o_n_i_c ++oo (_s_t_g_e_/_a_c_a_r_d_i_d_e) CH3WNAS _D_-_L_i_n_k ++oo (_s_t_g_e_/_a_c_a_r_d_i_d_e) DSM-G600 Rev.B _E_n_c_o_r_e ++oo (_r_e_/_i_t_e_i_d_e) ENNHD-1000 _F_u_j_i_t_s_u_-_S_i_e_m_e_n_s ++oo (_r_e_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) AMS150, SBLAN2 _I_o_m_e_g_a ++oo (_r_e_/_v_i_a_i_d_e) StorCenter G2 _L_e_v_e_l_O_n_e ++oo (_r_e_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) FNS-5000B _L_o_n_g_s_h_i_n_e ++oo (_r_e_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) LCS-8311 _N_e_t_r_o_n_i_x ++oo (_r_e_/_i_t_e_i_d_e) NH-230 ++oo (_r_e_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) NH-231 _P_l_a_n_e_x ++oo (_r_e_/_i_t_e_i_d_e) NAS-01G _Q_n_a_p ++oo (_w_m_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) TS-100, TS-101(V1.02) ++oo (_r_e_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) TS-101(V200), TS-201 _S_y_n_o_l_o_g_y ++oo (_s_k_/_i_t_e_i_d_e) DS-106j ++oo (_s_k_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) DS-101g+, DS-106e, DS-106, DS-106x, DS-107e, DS-107, DS-207, DS-108j, DS-109j, DS-209j ++oo (_s_k_/_s_a_t_a_l_i_n_k) CS-406, RS-406, CS-406e, CS-407e _8_2_4_x _N_A_S _s_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _b_o_o_t _d_e_v_i_c_e_s _a_n_d _m_e_d_i_a NetBSD is booted using the _a_l_t_b_o_o_t bootloader, which can load the kernel via TFTP, from NFS or from the local disk. You will have to transfer the bootloader into memory by any means the firmware offers (serial upload, TFTP, Flash ROM). GGeettttiinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm oonn ttoo UUsseeffuull MMeeddiiaa Installation is supported from several media types, including: ++oo FTP ++oo Remote NFS partition The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the var- ious media are outlined below. _F_T_P The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to install or upgrade. If you don't have DHCP available on your network, you will need to know the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a net- work directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. If you don't have access to a functioning nameserver during installation, the IPv4 address of ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg is 199.233.217.249 and the IPv6 address is 2001:470:4867:99:230:48ff:fec6:9aaa:21 (as of December, 2011). Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre- paring your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _N_F_S Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. This will probably require modifying the _/_e_t_c_/_e_x_p_o_r_t_s file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre- paring your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. PPrreeppaarriinngg yyoouurr SSyysstteemm ffoorr NNeettBBSSDD iinnssttaallllaattiioonn To install NetBSD 6.0 on your 824x based NAS system you need to get access to the serial console. This requires to open the case, locate the serial header on the main board and attach a (usually MAX3232 based) 3.3V TTL level to RS/232 converter to it, which you will connect to a termi- nal. The procedure how to build such a cable for your NAS system is not part of this documentation. Please refer to hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppoorrttss//ssaannddppooiinntt//ttttll22rrss223322..hhttmmll for schematics and detailed instructions, if you wish to solder such an adapter cable yourself. IInnssttaalllliinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm _P_r_e_p_a_r_e _t_h_e _N_F_S _o_r _T_F_T_P _s_e_r_v_e_r Set up an NFS server and copy the install kernel renamed into _n_e_t_b_s_d to its root partition. Optionally copy the kernel into your TFTP directory and make sure the _t_f_t_p_d service is running. _T_h_e _a_l_t_b_o_o_t _b_o_o_t_l_o_a_d_e_r The _a_l_t_b_o_o_t_._b_i_n binary file loads a NetBSD kernel from the root partition of a local disk, from TFTP or from NFS. This bootloader binary should be made available by one of the following methods (depending on the firmware): ++oo TFTP server ++oo NFS server ++oo Serial line upload ++oo Flash ROM When your firmware is restricted to _b_o_o_t_m as the only command to run a program you should use _a_l_t_b_o_o_t_._i_m_g , which fakes a Linux kernel module. _B_o_o_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_e_r Depending on whether the serial console is attached to the first or the second UART you will have to boot _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_N_S_T_A_L_L (1st UART at 0x4500) or _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_N_S_T_A_L_L___K_U_R_O (2nd UART at 0x4600). KuroBox and LinkStation sys- tems are known to have the console on the second UART. In most cases your NAS will run PPCBoot or U-Boot as firmware. You can access its command line via the serial adapter cable. When auto-booting is enabled this will usually require to press a key quickly after the system was switched on. Then load the _a_l_t_b_o_o_t_._b_i_n file into memory at _0_x_1_0_0_0_0_0_0 and boot the installation kernel with > ggoo 00xx11000000000000 ttffttpp:: for TFTP, or with > ggoo 00xx11000000000000 nnffss:: when the kernel resides on NFS. Note, that when using _a_l_t_b_o_o_t_._i_m_g with _b_o_o_t_m instead of _a_l_t_b_o_o_t_._b_i_n you have to pass arguments like _t_f_t_p_: or _n_f_s_: in the _b_o_o_t_a_r_g_s environment variable. The installation kernel will run _s_y_s_i_n_s_t from an internal memory disk image. _R_u_n_n_i_n_g _t_h_e _s_y_s_i_n_s_t _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _p_r_o_g_r_a_m 1. _I_n_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n Using ssyyssiinnsstt, installing NetBSD is a relatively easy process. Still, you should read this document and have it in hand when doing the installation process. This document tries to be a good guide to the installation, and as such, covers many details for the sake of completeness. Do not let this discourage you; the install program is not hard to use. 2. _P_o_s_s_i_b_l_e _h_a_r_d_w_a_r_e _p_r_o_b_l_e_m_s Should you encounter hardware problems during installation, try rebooting after unplugging removable devices you don't need for installation. Non-removable devices can be disabled with uusseerrccoonnff (use bboooott --cc to enter it). 3. _G_e_n_e_r_a_l The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting NetBSD installed on your hard disk. ssyyssiinnsstt is a menu driven installation system that allows for some freedom in doing the installation. Sometimes, questions will be asked and in many cases the default answer will be displayed in brackets (``[ ]'') after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may press CONTROL-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch by running the _/_s_y_s_i_n_s_t pro- gram from the command prompt. It is not necessary to reboot. 4. _Q_u_i_c_k _i_n_s_t_a_l_l First, let's describe a quick install. The other sections of this document go into the installation procedure in more detail, but you may find that you do not need this. If you want detailed instruc- tions, skip to the next section. This section describes a basic installation, using a CD-ROM install as an example. ++oo What you need. -- The distribution sets (in this example, they are on CD). -- One 1.44 MB 3.5" floppy. -- A CD-ROM drive (SCSI), a hard disk and a minimum of of mem- ory installed. -- The hard disk should have at least + _n megabytes of space free, where _n is the number of megabytes of main memory in your system. If you wish to install the X Window System as well, you will need at least 215 MB more. ++oo The Quick Installation -- Insert the first boot floppy you just created and boot the computer. After language selection, the main menu will be displayed. .***********************************************. * NetBSD-6.0 Install System * * * *>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk * * b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk * * c: Re-install sets or install additional sets * * d: Reboot the computer * * e: Utility menu * * f: Config menu * * x: Exit Install System * .***********************************************. -- If you wish, you can configure some network settings immedi- ately by choosing the UUttiilliittyy mmeennuu and then CCoonnffiigguurree nneettwwoorrkk. It isn't actually required at this point, but it may be more convenient. Go back to the main menu. -- Choose iinnssttaallll. -- You will be guided through some steps regarding the setup of your disk, and the selection of distributed components to install. When in doubt, refer to the rest of this document for details. -- After your disk has been prepared, choose CCDD--RROOMM as the medium . The default values for the path and device should be ok. -- After all the files have been unpacked, go back to the main menu and select rreebboooott, after you have removed the boot- floppy from the drive. -- NetBSD will now boot. If you haven't already done so in ssyyssiinnsstt, you should log in as root and set a password for that account. You are also advised to edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f to match your needs. -- Your installation is now complete. 5. _B_o_o_t_i_n_g _N_e_t_B_S_D Boot your machine. The boot loader will start, and will print a countdown and begin booting. If the boot loader messages do not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either have a bad boot floppy or a hardware problem. Try writing the install floppy image to a different disk, and using that. It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy, probably around a minute or so, then, the kernel boot messages will be dis- played. This may take a little while also, as NetBSD will be prob- ing your system to discover which hardware devices are installed. The most important thing to know is that wd0 is NetBSD's name for your first IDE disk, wd1 the second, etc. sd0 is your first SCSI disk, sd1 the second, etc. Note that once the system has finished booting, you need not leave the floppy in the disk drive. Once NetBSD has booted and printed all the boot messages, you will be presented with a welcome message and a main menu. It will also include instructions for using the menus. 6. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n If you do not intend to use networking during the installation, but you do want your machine to be configured for networking once it is installed, you should first go to the UUttiilliittyy mmeennuu and select the CCoonnffiigguurree nneettwwoorrkk option. If you only want to temporarily use net- working during the installation, you can specify these parameters later. If you are not using the Domain Name System (DNS), you can give an empty response when asked to provide a server. 7. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _d_r_i_v_e _s_e_l_e_c_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r_s To start the installation, select IInnssttaallll NNeettBBSSDD ttoo hhaarrdd ddiisskk from the main menu. The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to install NetBSD. ssyyssiinnsstt will report a list of disks it finds and ask you for your selection. You should see disk names like sd0 or sd1. 8. _S_e_l_e_c_t_i_n_g _w_h_i_c_h _s_e_t_s _t_o _i_n_s_t_a_l_l The next step is to choose which distribution sets you wish to install. Options are provided for full, minimal, and custom instal- lations. If you choose sets on your own, bbaassee, eettcc, and a kernel must be selected. 9. _P_a_r_t_i_t_i_o_n_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_k ++oo Which portion of the disk to use. You will be asked if you want to use the entire disk or only part of the disk. If you decide to use the entire disk for NetBSD, ssyyssiinnsstt will check for the presence of other operating systems and you will be asked to confirm that you want to over- write these. 10. _E_d_i_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _d_i_s_k_l_a_b_e_l The partition table of the NetBSD part of a disk is called a _d_i_s_k_l_a_b_e_l. If your disk already has a disklabel written to it, you can choose UUssee eexxiissttiinngg ppaarrttiittiioonn ssiizzeess. Otherwise, select SSeett ssiizzeess ooff NNeettBBSSDD ppaarrttiittiioonnss. After you have chosen your partitions and their sizes (or if you opted to use the existing partitions), you will be presented with the layout of the NetBSD disklabel and given one more chance to change it. For each partition, you can set the type, offset and size, block and fragment size, and the mount point. The type that NetBSD uses for normal file storage is called 44..22BBSSDD. A swap parti- tion has a special type called sswwaapp. Some partitions in the diskla- bel have a fixed purpose. a Root partition (_/) b Swap partition. c The NetBSD portion of the disk. d-p Available for other use. Traditionally, e is the par- tition mounted on _/_u_s_r, but this is historical prac- tice and not a fixed value. You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The default response will be ok for most purposes. If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name is a single word and con- tains no special characters. You don't need to remember this name. 11. _P_r_e_p_a_r_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _h_a_r_d _d_i_s_k _Y_o_u _a_r_e _n_o_w _a_t _t_h_e _p_o_i_n_t _o_f _n_o _r_e_t_u_r_n. Nothing has been written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified. If you are sure you want to pro- ceed, select yyeess. The install program will now label your disk and make the file sys- tems you specified. The file systems will be initialized to contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. You will see messages on your screen from the various NetBSD disk preparation tools that are running. There should be no errors in this section of the installation. If there are, restart from the beginning of the installation process. Otherwise, you can continue the installa- tion program after pressing the return key. 12. _G_e_t_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD distribution consists of a number of _s_e_t_s that come in the form of gzipped tarfiles. At this point, you will be presented with a menu which enables you to choose from one of the following methods of installing the sets. Some of these methods will first load the sets on your hard disk, others will extract the sets directly. For all these methods, the first step is making the sets available for extraction, and then do the actual installation. The sets can be made available in a few different ways. The following sections describe each of those methods. After reading the one about the method you will be using, you can continue to the section labeled `Extracting the distribution sets'. 13. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _C_D_-_R_O_M When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify the device name for your CD-ROM drive (usually cd0), and the directory name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are. ssyyssiinnsstt will then check if the files are indeed available in the specified location, and proceed to the actual extraction of the sets. 14. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _u_s_i_n_g _f_t_p To be able to install using ftp, you first need to configure your network setup if you haven't already done so. ssyyssiinnsstt will do this for you, asking you if you want to use DHCP. If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration details yourself. If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used. You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, the directory on that host, the account name and password used to log into that host using ftp, and optionally a proxy server to use. If you did not set up DNS, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the ftp server. ssyyssiinnsstt will proceed to transfer all the default set files from the remote site to your hard disk. 15. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _u_s_i_n_g _N_F_S To be able to install using NFS, you first need to configure your network setup if you haven't already done so. ssyyssiinnsstt will do this for you, asking you if you want to use DHCP. If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration details yourself. If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used. You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from and the directory on that host that the files are in. This directory should be mountable by the machine you are installing on, i.e., correctly exported to your machine. If you did not set up DNS, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the NFS server. 16. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _a_n _u_n_m_o_u_n_t_e_d _f_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m In order to install from a local file system, you will need to spec- ify the device that the file system resides on (for example sd1e) the type of the file system, and the directory on the specified file system where the sets are located. ssyyssiinnsstt will then check if it can indeed access the sets at that location. 17. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _a _l_o_c_a_l _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y This option assumes that you have already done some preparation yourself. The sets should be located in a directory on a file sys- tem that is already accessible. ssyyssiinnsstt will ask you for the name of this directory. 18. _E_x_t_r_a_c_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s A progress bar will be displayed while the distribution sets are being extracted. After all the files have been extracted, the device node files will be created. If you have already configured networking, you will be asked if you want to use this configuration for normal operation. If so, these values will be installed in the network configuration files. 19. _C_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _i_t_e_m_s The next menu will allow you to select a number of additional items to configure, including the time zone that you're in, to make sure your clock has the right offset from UTC, the root user's shell, and the initial root password. You can also enable installation of binary packages, which installs the pkgin(1) tool for managing binary packages for third-party soft- ware. This will feel familiar to users of other package tools, such as aapptt--ggeett or yyuumm. Or, you can install the pkgsrc(7) tree for installing third-party software from source. Finally, you can enable some daemons such as sshd(8), ntpd(8), or mdnsd(8). 20. _F_i_n_a_l_i_z_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 6.0. You can now reboot the machine and boot NetBSD from hard disk. PPoosstt iinnssttaallllaattiioonn sstteeppss Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below. 1. Configuring _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f (ssyyssiinnsstt usually will), the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. and with the root file system (_/) mounted read-only. When the sys- tem asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a _/_b_i_n_/_s_h prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with vvtt222200 (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press RETURN. You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key to work properly, depending on your keyboard: # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^hh'' # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^??'' At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the _/_e_t_c directory. You will need to mount your root file system read/write with: # //ssbbiinn//mmoouunntt --uu --ww // Change to the _/_e_t_c directory and take a look at the _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi- user boot can proceed. Default values for the various programs can be found in _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, where some in-line documentation may be found. More complete documentation can be found in rc.conf(5). When you have finished editing _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, type eexxiitt at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot. Other values that may need to be set in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f for a networked environment are _h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e and possibly _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_r_o_u_t_e. You may also need to add an _i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g___i_n_t for your network interface, along the lines of ifconfig_tlp0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0" or, if you have _m_y_n_a_m_e_._m_y_._d_o_m in _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s: ifconfig_tlp0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an _/_e_t_c_/_r_e_s_o_l_v_._c_o_n_f file or (if you are feeling a little more adventur- ous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more informa- tion. Instead of manually configuring network and naming service, DHCP can be used by setting dhclient=YES in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f. Other files in _/_e_t_c that may require modification or setting up include _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_e_r_._c_o_n_f, _/_e_t_c_/_n_s_s_w_i_t_c_h_._c_o_n_f, and _/_e_t_c_/_w_s_c_o_n_s_._c_o_n_f. 2. Logging in After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. Unless you've set a password in ssyyssiinnsstt, there is no initial password. You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the ``root'' account with good passwords. By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)). One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs to group ``wheel'' (see group(5)) and use su(1) to become root. 3. Adding accounts Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your system. Do not edit _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d directly! See vipw(8) and pwd_mkdb(8) if you want to edit the password database. 4. The X Window System If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chap- ter about X in the NetBSD Guide: hhttttpp::////nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//ddooccss//gguuiiddee//eenn//cchhaapp--xx..hhttmmll 5. Installing third party packages If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on NetBSD. This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the soft- ware may depend. ++oo More information on the package system is available at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//ssooffttwwaarree//ppaacckkaaggeess..hhttmmll ++oo A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess//ppkkggssrrcc//RREEAADDMMEE..hhttmmll ++oo Precompiled binaries can be found at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppaacckkaaggeess//NNeettBBSSDD// usually in the _s_a_n_d_p_o_i_n_t_/_6_._0_/_A_l_l subdir. If you installed pkgin(1) in the ssyyssiinnsstt post-installation configuration menu, you can use it to automatically install binary packages over the network. Assuming that _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_/_e_t_c_/_p_k_g_i_n_/_r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_i_e_s_._c_o_n_f is correctly configured, you can install them with the following commands: ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ttccsshh ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll bbaasshh ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ppeerrll ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll aappaacchhee ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll kkddee ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ffiirreeffooxx ... _N_o_t_e_: Some mirror sites don't mirror the _/_p_u_b_/_p_k_g_s_r_c directory. If you would like to use such mirrors, you could also try the _/_p_u_b_/_N_e_t_B_S_D_/_p_a_c_k_a_g_e_s_/_c_u_r_r_e_n_t_-_p_a_c_k_a_g_e_s_/_N_e_t_B_S_D_/_s_a_n_d_p_o_i_n_t_/_6_._0_/_A_l_l directory, which may have the same contents. The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on. ++oo If you did not install it from the ssyyssiinnsstt post-installation configuration menu, the pkgsrc(7) framework for compiling pack- ages can be obtained by retrieving the file ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//ppaacckkaaggeess//ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz It is typically extracted into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c (though other loca- tions work fine) with the commands: # ccdd //uussrr # ttaarr --zzxxppff ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz After extracting, see the _d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t file in the extraction directory (e.g., _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_/_d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t) for more informa- tion. 6. Misc ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards. ++oo The _/_e_t_c_/_p_o_s_t_f_i_x_/_m_a_i_n_._c_f file will almost definitely need to be adjusted. If you prefer a different MTA, then install it using pkgsrc or by hand and adjust _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_e_r_._c_o_n_f. ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._l_o_c_a_l to run any local daemons you use. ++oo Many of the _/_e_t_c files are documented in section 5 of the man- ual; so just invoking # mmaann 55 _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is likely to give you more information on these files. UUppggrraaddiinngg aa pprreevviioouussllyy--iinnssttaalllleedd NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm The easiest way to upgrade to NetBSD 6.0 is with binaries, and that is the method documented here. To do the upgrade, you must have one form of boot media available. You must also have at least the bbaassee and kkeerrnn binary distribution sets avail- able. Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the new binaries. Since files already installed on the system are over- written in place, you only need additional free space for files which weren't previously installed or to account for growth of the sets between releases. If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root (_/) and _/_u_s_r partitions, you should have enough space. Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, boot blocks, and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to _b_a_c_k _u_p any important data on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition on your disk before beginning the upgrade process. The upgrade procedure is similar to an installation, but without the hard disk partitioning. ssyyssiinnsstt will attempt to merge the settings stored in your _/_e_t_c directory with the new version of NetBSD. Also, file systems are checked before unpacking the sets. Fetching the binary sets is done in the same manner as the installation procedure; refer to the installa- tion part of the document for help. After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a complete NetBSD 6.0 system. However, that doesn't mean that you're fin- ished with the upgrade process. You will probably want to update the set of device nodes you have in _/_d_e_v. If you've changed the contents of _/_d_e_v by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if not, you can just cd into _/_d_e_v, and run the command: # sshh MMAAKKEEDDEEVV aallll Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part of the ver- sion of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since been removed from the NetBSD distribution. CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy IIssssuueess WWiitthh PPrreevviioouuss NNeettBBSSDD RReelleeaasseess Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 6.0. Note that ssyyssiinnsstt will automatically invoke postinstall fix and thus all issues that are fixed by ppoossttiinnssttaallll by default (see below) will be handled. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _5_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s The pthread libraries from previous versions of NetBSD require that the sysctl(3) node kern.no_sa_support be set to 0. This affects the follow- ing environments: ++oo Running a 5.0 kernel with an older userland. ++oo Running an older userland inside a chroot'ed environment on a 5.0 system. ++oo Running older statically linked pthread applications. The 5.0 kernel defaults to 0 for kern.no_sa_support, which covers the first case. However, please note that a full installation of 5.0 (either from scratch or through an upgrade) will set kern.no_sa_support to 1 dur- ing the boot process. This means that for the last two cases, you will have to manually set kern.no_sa_support to 0, using either the sysctl(8) command or through sysctl.conf(5). The implementation of SHA2-HMAC in KAME_IPSEC as used in NetBSD-5 and before did not comply to current standards. FAST_IPSEC does, with the result that old and new systems cannot communicate over IPSEC, if one of the affected authentication algorithms (hmac_sha256, hmac_sha384, hmac_sha512) is used. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _4_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s The following issues can generally be resolved by running _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l with the eettcc set: postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix Issues fixed by _p_o_s_t_i_n_s_t_a_l_l: ++oo Various files in _/_e_t_c need upgrading. These include: -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_t_r_e_e_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_d_a_i_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_w_e_e_k_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_m_o_n_t_h_l_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_u_b_r -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._s_h_u_t_d_o_w_n -- _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._d_/_* -- _/_e_t_c_/_e_n_v_s_y_s_._c_o_n_f The following issues need to be resolved manually: ++oo The users `_httpd' and `_timedc' and the groups `_httpd' and `_timedc' need to be created. ++oo Unprivileged use of the mount(8) command now requires the _n_o_s_u_i_d and _n_o_d_e_v options to be explicitly specified. Previ- ously, these options were automatically enforced even if they were not explicitly specified. ++oo A number of things have been removed from the NetBSD 6.0 release. See the "Components removed from NetBSD" section near the beginning of this document for a list. UUssiinngg oonnlliinnee NNeettBBSSDD ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn Documentation is available if you installed the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documentation) are denoted by `name(section)'. Some examples of this are ++oo intro(1), ++oo man(1), ++oo apropos(1), ++oo passwd(1), and ++oo passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The _m_a_n command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering mmaann [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_o_p_i_c. The brackets [] around the sec- tion should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after log- ging in, enter # mmaann ppaasssswwdd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter # mmaann 55 ppaasssswwdd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter # aapprrooppooss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d where _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. AAddmmiinniissttrriivviiaa If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at _m_a_j_o_r_d_o_m_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instruc- tions. See hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// for a web interface. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and ques- tions about this release. Please send comments to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_c_o_m_m_e_n_t_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ssuuppppoorrtt//sseenndd--pprr..hhttmmll There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below). If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_u_s_e_r_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. TThhaannkkss ggoo ttoo ++oo The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, includ- ing (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement. ++oo The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. ++oo The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree. ++oo The Luleoa Academic Computer Society for providing the backup services server. ++oo The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting the NYC build cluster. ++oo The Western Washington University Computer Science Department for running the WWU build cluster. ++oo The many organizations that provide NetBSD mirror sites. ++oo Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. ++oo We list the individuals and organizations that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddoonnaattiioonnss// (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) ++oo Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) WWee aarree...... (in alphabetical order) _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _c_o_r_e _g_r_o_u_p_: Alan Barrett _a_p_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Green _m_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chuck Silvers _c_h_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g YAMAMOTO Takashi _y_a_m_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g _T_h_e _p_o_r_t_m_a_s_t_e_r_s _(_a_n_d _t_h_e_i_r _p_o_r_t_s_)_: Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d aaccoorrnn3322 Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t aallpphhaa Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s aammiiggaa Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s aammiiggaappppcc Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a aarrcc Julian Coleman _j_d_c aattaarrii Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r cceessffiicc Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r ccoobbaalltt Antti Kantee _p_o_o_k_a eemmiippss Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b eevvbbmmiippss Steve Woodford _s_c_w eevvbbppppcc Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i eewwss44880000mmiippss Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i hhpp330000 Nick Hudson _s_k_r_l_l hhpp770000 Valeriy E. Ushakov _u_w_e hhppccsshh Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t iibbmmnnwwss Gavan Fantom _g_a_v_a_n iiyyoonniixx Valeriy E. Ushakov _u_w_e llaannddiisskk Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i lluunnaa6688kk Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r mmaacc6688kk Michael Lorenz _m_a_c_a_l_l_a_n mmaaccppppcc Steve Woodford _s_c_w mmvvmmee6688kk Steve Woodford _s_c_w mmvvmmeeppppcc Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t nneettwwiinnddeerr Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i nneewwss6688kk Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d ooffppppcc Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b ppmmaaxx Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d pprreepp Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d rrss66000000 Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a ssaannddppooiinntt Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b ssbbmmiippss S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n ssggiimmiippss SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h sshh33 Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n ssppaarrcc6644 Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e vvaaxx NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s xx6688kk Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r xxeenn _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _6_._0 _R_e_l_e_a_s_e _E_n_g_i_n_e_e_r_i_n_g _t_e_a_m_: Stephen Borrill _s_b_o_r_r_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g James Chacon _j_m_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alistair G. Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Heasley _h_e_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Soren Jacobsen _s_n_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy C. Reed _r_e_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Rizzo _r_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g _N_e_t_B_S_D _D_e_v_e_l_o_p_e_r_s_: Nathan Ahlstrom _n_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Allen _w_o_r_m_e_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jukka Andberg _j_a_n_d_b_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Assange _p_r_o_f_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lennart Augustsson _a_u_g_u_s_t_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Zafer Aydogan _z_a_f_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christoph Badura _b_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Balmer _m_b_a_l_m_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bang Jun-Young _j_u_n_y_o_u_n_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dieter Baron _d_i_l_l_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert V. Baron _r_v_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alan Barrett _a_p_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Grant Beattie _g_r_a_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hiroyuki Bessho _b_s_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Birrell _j_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rafal Boni _r_a_f_a_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Stephen Borrill _s_b_o_r_r_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sean Boudreau _s_e_a_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Allen Briggs _b_r_i_g_g_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mark Brinicombe _m_a_r_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aaron Brown _a_b_r_o_w_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andrew Brown _a_t_a_t_a_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jon Buller _j_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert Byrnes _b_y_r_n_e_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Pavel Cahyna _p_a_v_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g D'Arcy J.M. Cain _d_a_r_c_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Taylor R. Campbell _r_i_a_s_t_r_a_d_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel Carosone _d_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dave Carrel _c_a_r_r_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g James Chacon _j_m_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mihai Chelaru _k_e_f_r_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aleksey Cheusov _c_h_e_u_s_o_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bill Coldwell _b_i_l_l_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marcus Comstedt _m_a_r_c_u_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy Cooper _j_e_r_e_m_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Cort _t_c_o_r_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chuck Cranor _c_h_u_c_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Johan Danielsson _j_o_d_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Darrow _j_d_a_r_r_o_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jed Davis _j_l_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt DeBergalis _d_e_b_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Degroote _d_e_g_r_o_o_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rob Deker _d_e_k_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris G. Demetriou _c_g_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tracy Di Marco White _g_e_n_d_a_l_i_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jarom'ir Dolecek _j_d_o_l_e_c_e_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andy Doran _a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roland Dowdeswell _e_l_r_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steven Drake _s_b_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Emmanuel Dreyfus _m_a_n_u_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jun Ebihara _j_u_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jaime A Fournier _o_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Stoned Elipot _s_e_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael van Elst _m_l_e_l_s_t_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Enami Tsugutomo _e_n_a_m_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bernd Ernesti _v_e_e_g_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Erik Fair _f_a_i_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gavan Fantom _g_a_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hauke Fath _h_a_u_k_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hubert Feyrer _h_u_b_e_r_t_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jason R. Fink _j_r_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt J. Fleming _m_j_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marty Fouts _m_a_r_t_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Liam J. Foy _l_i_a_m_j_f_o_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Fredette _f_r_e_d_e_t_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thorsten Frueauf _f_r_u_e_a_u_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Castor Fu _c_a_s_t_o_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Makoto Fujiwara _m_e_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ichiro Fukuhara _i_c_h_i_r_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Quentin Garnier _c_u_b_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Gerner _t_h_o_m_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simon J. Gerraty _s_j_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Justin Gibbs _g_i_b_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Gilbert _c_h_r_i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eric Gillespie _e_p_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brian Ginsbach _g_i_n_s_b_a_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Oliver V. Gould _v_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Goyette _p_g_o_y_e_t_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Graff _e_x_p_l_o_r_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Green _m_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andreas Gustafsson _g_s_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ulrich Habel _r_h_a_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino _i_t_o_j_u_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g HAMAJIMA Katsuomi _h_a_m_a_j_i_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adam Hamsik _h_a_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Juergen Hannken-Illjes _h_a_n_n_k_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Charles M. Hannum _m_y_c_r_o_f_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Yorick Hardy _y_h_a_r_d_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ben Harris _b_j_h_2_1_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eric Haszlakiewicz _e_r_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Hawkinson _j_h_a_w_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Emile Heitor _i_m_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Heasley _h_e_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lars Heidieker _p_a_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Geert Hendrickx _g_h_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ren'e Hexel _r_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Iain Hibbert _p_l_u_n_k_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kouichirou Hiratsuka _h_i_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael L. Hitch _m_h_i_t_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g 'Ad'am H'oka _a_h_o_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jachym Holecek _f_r_e_z_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David A. Holland _d_h_o_l_l_a_n_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christian E. Hopps _c_h_o_p_p_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel Horecki _m_o_r_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ken Hornstein _k_e_n_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Horowitz _m_a_r_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eduardo Horvath _e_e_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nick Hudson _s_k_r_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shell Hung _s_h_e_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darran Hunt _d_a_r_r_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dean Huxley _d_e_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Love Hoernquist oAstrand _l_h_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roland Illig _r_i_l_l_i_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bernardo Innocenti _b_e_r_n_i_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tetsuya Isaki _i_s_a_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ITOH Yasufumi _i_t_o_h_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g IWAMOTO Toshihiro _t_o_s_h_i_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Jacob _m_j_a_c_o_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Soren Jacobsen _s_n_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj _l_o_n_h_y_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nicolas Joly _n_j_o_l_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takahiro Kambe _t_a_c_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Antti Kantee _p_o_o_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank Kardel _k_a_r_d_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g KAWAMOTO Yosihisa _k_a_w_a_m_o_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Min Sik Kim _m_i_n_s_k_i_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g KIYOHARA Takashi _k_i_y_o_h_a_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Klausner _w_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Klaus Klein _k_l_e_i_n_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Klos _j_k_l_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wayne Knowles _w_d_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takayoshi Kochi _k_o_c_h_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jonathan A. Kollasch _j_a_k_l_l_s_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Radoslaw Kujawa _r_k_u_j_a_w_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jochen Kunz _j_k_u_n_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martti Kuparinen _m_a_r_t_t_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Lacombe _a_l_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kevin Lahey _k_m_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Laight _d_s_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Johnny C. Lam _j_l_a_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Guillaume Lasmayous _g_l_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin J. Laubach _m_j_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Lehey _g_r_o_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ted Lemon _m_e_l_l_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christian Limpach _c_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank van der Linden _f_v_d_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joel Lindholm _j_o_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tonnerre Lombard _t_o_n_n_e_r_r_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mike Long _m_i_k_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Lorenz _m_a_c_a_l_l_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Warner Losh _i_m_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tomasz Luchowski _z_u_n_t_u_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Federico Lupi _f_e_d_e_r_i_c_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brett Lymn _b_l_y_m_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g MAEKAWA Masahide _g_e_h_e_n_n_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Marino _m_a_r_i_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roy Marples _r_o_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Cherry G. Mathew _c_h_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Maxwell _d_a_v_i_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gregory McGarry _g_m_c_g_a_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dan McMahill _d_m_c_m_a_h_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jared D. McNeill _j_m_c_n_e_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Neil J. McRae _n_e_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julio M. Merino Vidal _j_m_m_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Perry Metzger _p_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Luke Mewburn _l_u_k_e_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jean-Yves Migeon _j_y_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brook Milligan _b_r_o_o_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Minoura Makoto _m_i_n_o_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simas Mockevicius _s_y_m_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g der Mouse _m_o_u_s_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Constantine A. Murenin _c_n_s_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joseph Myers _j_s_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tuomo Maekinen _t_j_a_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Zolt'an Arnold NAGY _z_o_l_t_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ken Nakata _k_e_n_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takeshi Nakayama _n_a_k_a_y_a_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alexander Nasonov _a_l_n_s_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Nemeth _j_n_e_m_e_t_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g NONAKA Kimihiro _n_o_n_a_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takehiko NOZAKI _t_n_o_z_a_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tobias Nygren _t_n_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g OBATA Akio _o_b_a_c_h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jesse Off _j_o_f_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tatoku Ogaito _t_a_c_h_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g OKANO Takayoshi _k_a_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Masaru Oki _o_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ryo ONODERA _r_y_o_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Atsushi Onoe _o_n_o_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Oster _o_s_t_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jonathan Perkin _s_k_e_t_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Fredrik Pettai _p_e_t_t_a_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Herb Peyerl _h_p_e_y_e_r_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Pfaller _m_a_t_t_h_i_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Pinnock _c_j_e_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adrian Portelli _a_d_r_i_a_n_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Provenzano _p_r_o_v_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mindaugas Rasiukevicius _r_m_i_n_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Rauch _m_r_a_u_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Recht _r_e_c_h_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darren Reed _d_a_r_r_e_n_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy C. Reed _r_e_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jens Rehsack _s_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Antoine Reilles _t_o_n_i_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tyler R. Retzlaff _r_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Rizzo _r_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hans Rosenfeld _h_a_n_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Rumble _r_u_m_b_l_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rumko _r_u_m_k_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jukka Ruohonen _j_r_u_o_h_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Blair J. Sadewitz _b_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Sainty _d_s_a_i_n_t_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kazuki Sakamoto _s_a_k_a_m_o_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Curt Sampson _c_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wilfredo Sanchez _w_s_a_n_c_h_e_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ty Sarna _t_s_a_r_n_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g SATO Kazumi _s_a_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jan Schaumann _j_s_c_h_a_u_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Scheler _t_r_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Silke Scheler _s_i_l_k_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Karl Schilke (rAT) _r_a_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Amitai Schlair _s_c_h_m_o_n_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Konrad Schroder _p_e_r_s_e_a_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Georg Schwarz _s_c_h_w_a_r_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lubomir Sedlacik _s_a_l_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christopher SEKIYA _s_e_k_i_y_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Reed Shadgett _d_e_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Shannon _s_h_a_n_n_o_n_j_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tim Shepard _s_h_e_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Naoto Shimazaki _i_g_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ryo Shimizu _r_y_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takao Shinohara _s_h_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takuya SHIOZAKI _t_s_h_i_o_z_a_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel Sieger _d_s_i_e_g_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chuck Silvers _c_h_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thor Lancelot Simon _t_l_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Smith _j_e_f_f_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wolfgang Solfrank _w_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joerg Sonnenberger _j_o_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g T K Spindler _d_o_g_c_o_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Sporleder _m_s_p_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bill Squier _g_r_o_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adrian Steinmann _a_s_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bill Studenmund _w_r_s_t_u_d_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kevin Sullivan _s_u_l_l_i_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kimmo Suominen _k_i_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gr'egoire Sutre _g_s_u_t_r_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sergey Svishchev _s_h_a_t_t_e_r_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert Swindells _r_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shin Takemura _t_a_k_e_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g TAMURA Kent _k_e_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shin'ichiro TAYA _t_a_y_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hasso Tepper _h_a_s_s_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christoph Toshok _t_o_s_h_o_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Troxel _g_d_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tsubai Masanari _t_s_u_b_a_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g UCHIYAMA Yasushi _u_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Masao Uebayashi _u_e_b_a_y_a_s_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shuichiro URATA _u_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Valeriy E. Ushakov _u_w_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Todd Vierling _t_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aymeric Vincent _a_y_m_e_r_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Vixie _v_i_x_i_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mike M. Volokhov _m_i_s_h_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Krister Walfridsson _k_r_i_s_t_e_r_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mark Weinem _w_e_i_n_e_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lex Wennmacher _w_e_n_n_m_a_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Leo Weppelman _l_e_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Assar Westerlund _a_s_s_a_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank Wille _p_h_x_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nathan Williams _n_a_t_h_a_n_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rob Windsor _w_i_n_d_s_o_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jim Wise _j_w_i_s_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Colin Wood _e_n_d_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g YAMAMOTO Takashi _y_a_m_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Yuji Yamano _y_y_a_m_a_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Young _d_y_o_u_n_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Ysmal _s_t_a_c_k_t_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g S.P.Zeidler _s_p_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tim Zingelman _t_e_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g LLeeggaall MMuummbboo--JJuummbboo All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trade- marks of their respective owners. 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This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by SUNET, Swedish University Computer Network. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Shigeyuki Fukushima. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom. This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse. This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore for use with "386BSD" and similar operating systems. "Similar operating systems" includes mainly non-profit oriented systems for research and education, including but not restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU). This software includes software developed by the Computer Systems Labora- tory at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by Computing Services at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/). This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Midden. This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera Interna- tional, Inc. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. This notice shall appear on any product containing this material TThhee EEnndd NetBSD August 17, 2012 NetBSD