COMPAT_SVR4(8)

NAME
compat_svr4 - setup procedure for running SVR4/iBCS2 binaries compat_svr4_32 - setup procedure for running 32-bit SVR4/iBCS2 binaries

DESCRIPTION
NetBSD supports running SVR4/iBCS2 binaries. This code has been tested on i386 (with binaries from SCO OpenServer and XENIX), m68k (with binaries from AMIX) and sparc (with binaries from Solaris) systems. Most programs should work, but not ones that use or depend on:

kernel internal data structures
the /proc filesystem
the ticotsord loopback RPC mechanism (NIS uses this)
sound and video interfaces
threads (ttsession uses threads)
the streams administrative driver

The SVR4 compatibility feature is active for kernels compiled with the COMPAT_SVR4 option enabled. Since support for ELF executables is included only if the kernel is compiled with the EXEC_ELF32 or EXEC_ELF64 options enabled, kernels which include COMPAT_SVR4 should also typically include EXEC_ELF32 (for 32-bit ELF support) and/or EXEC_ELF64 (for 64-bit ELF support).

Another compatibility feature is COMPAT_SVR4_32, which allows the execution of 32-bit SVR4 binaries on a machine with a 64-bit kernel. This requires EXEC_ELF32 and COMPAT_NETBSD32 options as well as COMPAT_SVR4. It is configured the same way as COMPAT_SVR4 but uses the /emul/svr4_32 directory instead of /emul/svr4. But typically, /emul/svr4_32 can be made to point to /emul/svr4 if the operating system donating the libraries has support for both 32-bit and 64-bit binaries.

Execution of 32-bit SVR4 binaries on a machine with a 32-bit kernel uses COMPAT_SVR4, not COMPAT_SVR4_32.

Most SVR4 programs are dynamically linked. This means that you will also need the shared libraries that the program depends on and the runtime linker. Also, you will need to create a “shadow root” directory for SVR4 binaries on your NetBSD system. This directory is named /emul/svr4. Any file operations done by SVR4 programs run under NetBSD will look in this directory first. So, if a SVR4 program opens, for example, /etc/passwd, NetBSD will first try to open /emul/svr4/etc/passwd, and if that does not exist open the ‘real’ /etc/passwd file. It is recommended that you install SVR4 packages that include configuration files, etc under /emul/svr4, to avoid naming conflicts with possible NetBSD counterparts. Shared libraries should also be installed in the shadow tree.

The simplest way to set up your system for SVR4 binaries is:
1.  Make the necessary directories:

    (me@netbsd) mkdir -p /emul/svr4/{dev,etc}
    (me@netbsd) mkdir -p /emul/svr4/usr/{bin,lib,ucblib}
    (me@netbsd) mkdir -p /emul/svr4/usr/openwin/{bin,lib}
    (me@netbsd) mkdir -p /emul/svr4/usr/dt/{bin,lib}

2.  Copy files from an svr4 system:

    (me@svr4) cd /usr/lib
    (me@svr4) tar -cf - . | \
    rsh netbsd 'cd /emul/svr4/usr/lib tar -xpf -'

    (me@svr4) cd /usr/ucblib
    (me@svr4) tar -cf - . | \
    rsh netbsd 'cd /emul/svr4/usr/ucblib tar -xpf -'

    If you are running openwindows:

    (me@svr4) cd /usr/openwin/lib
    (me@svr4) tar -cf - . | \
    rsh netbsd 'cd /emul/svr4/usr/openwin/lib tar -xpf -'
    (me@svr4) cd /usr/dt/lib
    (me@svr4) tar -cf - . | \
    rsh netbsd 'cd /emul/svr4/usr/dt/lib tar -xpf -'
3.  You will also probably need the timezone files from your Solaris system, otherwise emulated binaries will run on UTC time.

    (me@netbsd) mkdir -p /emul/svr4/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo
    (me@netbsd) mkdir -p /emul/svr4/etc/default
    (me@svr4) cd /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo
    (me@solaris) tar -cf -. | \
    rsh netbsd 'cd /emul/svr4/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo
    tar -xpf -'
    (me@netbsd) echo TZ=US/Pacific /emul/svr4/etc/default/init
4.  Set up the configuration files and devices:

    (me@netbsd) cd /usr/share/examples/emul/svr4/etc
    (me@netbsd) cp netconfig nsswitch.conf /emul/svr4/etc
    (me@netbsd) cp SVR4_MAKEDEV /emul/svr4/dev
    (me@netbsd) cd /emul/svr4/dev sh SVR4_MAKEDEV all

    As the major number allocated for emulation of SVR4 devices may vary between NetBSD platforms, the SVR4_MAKEDEV script uses the uname(1) command to determine the architecture the devices nodes are being created for; this can be overridden by setting the MACHINE environment variable accordingly.

An alternative method is to mount a whole SVR4 partition in /emul/svr4 and then override with other mounts /emul/svr4/etc and /emul/svr4/dev.

BUGS
Many system calls are still not emulated. The streams emulation is incomplete (socketpair does not work yet).

Most SVR4 executables can not handle directory offset cookies 32 bits. More recent ones, compiled for large file support (Solaris 2.6 and up) can. With older programs, you will see the message “svr4_getdents: dir offset too large for emulated program” when this happens. Currently, this can only happen on NFS mounted filesystems, mounted from servers that return offsets with information in the upper 32 bits. These errors should rarely happen, but can be avoided by mounting this filesystem with offset translation enabled. See the -X option to mount_nfs(8). The -2 option to mount_nfs(8) will also have the desired effect, but is less preferable.