Number Protocol
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int PyNumber_Check(PyObject *o)

   Returns "1" if the object *o* provides numeric protocols, and false
   otherwise. This function always succeeds.

PyObject* PyNumber_Add(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of adding *o1* and *o2*, or *NULL* on failure.
   This is the equivalent of the Python expression "o1 + o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_Subtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of subtracting *o2* from *o1*, or *NULL* on
   failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression "o1 -
   o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_Multiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of multiplying *o1* and *o2*, or *NULL* on
   failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression "o1 *
   o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_Divide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or *NULL* on failure.
   This is the equivalent of the Python expression "o1 / o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_FloorDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return the floor of *o1* divided by *o2*, or *NULL* on failure.
   This is equivalent to the “classic” division of integers.

   New in version 2.2.

PyObject* PyNumber_TrueDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of
   *o1* divided by *o2*, or *NULL* on failure.  The return value is
   “approximate” because binary floating point numbers are
   approximate; it is not possible to represent all real numbers in
   base two.  This function can return a floating point value when
   passed two integers.

   New in version 2.2.

PyObject* PyNumber_Remainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the remainder of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or *NULL* on
   failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression "o1 %
   o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_Divmod(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   See the built-in function "divmod()". Returns *NULL* on failure.
   This is the equivalent of the Python expression "divmod(o1, o2)".

PyObject* PyNumber_Power(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   See the built-in function "pow()". Returns *NULL* on failure.  This
   is the equivalent of the Python expression "pow(o1, o2, o3)", where
   *o3* is optional. If *o3* is to be ignored, pass "Py_None" in its
   place (passing *NULL* for *o3* would cause an illegal memory
   access).

PyObject* PyNumber_Negative(PyObject *o)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the negation of *o* on success, or *NULL* on failure. This
   is the equivalent of the Python expression "-o".

PyObject* PyNumber_Positive(PyObject *o)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns *o* on success, or *NULL* on failure.  This is the
   equivalent of the Python expression "+o".

PyObject* PyNumber_Absolute(PyObject *o)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the absolute value of *o*, or *NULL* on failure.  This is
   the equivalent of the Python expression "abs(o)".

PyObject* PyNumber_Invert(PyObject *o)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the bitwise negation of *o* on success, or *NULL* on
   failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression "~o".

PyObject* PyNumber_Lshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of left shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or
   *NULL* on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression
   "o1 << o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_Rshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of right shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or
   *NULL* on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression
   "o1 >> o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_And(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the “bitwise and” of *o1* and *o2* on success and *NULL* on
   failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression "o1 & o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_Xor(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the “bitwise exclusive or” of *o1* by *o2* on success, or
   *NULL* on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression
   "o1 ^ o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_Or(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the “bitwise or” of *o1* and *o2* on success, or *NULL* on
   failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression "o1 | o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceAdd(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of adding *o1* and *o2*, or *NULL* on failure.
   The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.  This is
   the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 += o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of subtracting *o2* from *o1*, or *NULL* on
   failure.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.
   This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 -= o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of multiplying *o1* and *o2*, or *NULL* on
   failure.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.
   This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 *= o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or *NULL* on failure.
   The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is the
   equivalent of the Python statement "o1 /= o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the mathematical floor of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or *NULL*
   on failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.
   This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 //= o2".

   New in version 2.2.

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of
   *o1* divided by *o2*, or *NULL* on failure.  The return value is
   “approximate” because binary floating point numbers are
   approximate; it is not possible to represent all real numbers in
   base two.  This function can return a floating point value when
   passed two integers.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1*
   supports it.

   New in version 2.2.

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the remainder of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or *NULL* on
   failure.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.
   This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 %= o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlacePower(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   See the built-in function "pow()". Returns *NULL* on failure.  The
   operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.  This is the
   equivalent of the Python statement "o1 **= o2" when o3 is
   "Py_None", or an in-place variant of "pow(o1, o2, o3)" otherwise.
   If *o3* is to be ignored, pass "Py_None" in its place (passing
   *NULL* for *o3* would cause an illegal memory access).

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceLshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of left shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or
   *NULL* on failure.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1*
   supports it.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1
   <<= o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceRshift(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the result of right shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or
   *NULL* on failure.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1*
   supports it.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1
   >>= o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceAnd(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the “bitwise and” of *o1* and *o2* on success and *NULL* on
   failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.
   This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 &= o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceXor(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the “bitwise exclusive or” of *o1* by *o2* on success, or
   *NULL* on failure.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1*
   supports it.  This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 ^=
   o2".

PyObject* PyNumber_InPlaceOr(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the “bitwise or” of *o1* and *o2* on success, or *NULL* on
   failure.  The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it.
   This is the equivalent of the Python statement "o1 |= o2".

int PyNumber_Coerce(PyObject **p1, PyObject **p2)

   This function takes the addresses of two variables of type
   "PyObject*". If the objects pointed to by "*p1" and "*p2" have the
   same type, increment their reference count and return "0"
   (success). If the objects can be converted to a common numeric
   type, replace "*p1" and "*p2" by their converted value (with ‘new’
   reference counts), and return "0". If no conversion is possible, or
   if some other error occurs, return "-1" (failure) and don’t
   increment the reference counts.  The call "PyNumber_Coerce(&o1,
   &o2)" is equivalent to the Python statement "o1, o2 = coerce(o1,
   o2)".

int PyNumber_CoerceEx(PyObject **p1, PyObject **p2)

   This function is similar to "PyNumber_Coerce()", except that it
   returns "1" when the conversion is not possible and when no error
   is raised. Reference counts are still not increased in this case.

PyObject* PyNumber_Int(PyObject *o)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the *o* converted to an integer object on success, or
   *NULL* on failure. If the argument is outside the integer range a
   long object will be returned instead. This is the equivalent of the
   Python expression "int(o)".

PyObject* PyNumber_Long(PyObject *o)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the *o* converted to a long integer object on success, or
   *NULL* on failure.  This is the equivalent of the Python expression
   "long(o)".

PyObject* PyNumber_Float(PyObject *o)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Returns the *o* converted to a float object on success, or *NULL*
   on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression
   "float(o)".

PyObject* PyNumber_Index(PyObject *o)

   Returns the *o* converted to a Python int or long on success or
   *NULL* with a "TypeError" exception raised on failure.

   New in version 2.5.

PyObject* PyNumber_ToBase(PyObject *n, int base)

   Returns the integer *n* converted to *base* as a string with a base
   marker of "'0b'", "'0o'", or "'0x'" if applicable.  When *base* is
   not 2, 8, 10, or 16, the format is "'x#num'" where x is the base.
   If *n* is not an int object, it is converted with
   "PyNumber_Index()" first.

   New in version 2.6.

Py_ssize_t PyNumber_AsSsize_t(PyObject *o, PyObject *exc)

   Returns *o* converted to a Py_ssize_t value if *o* can be
   interpreted as an integer. If *o* can be converted to a Python int
   or long but the attempt to convert to a Py_ssize_t value would
   raise an "OverflowError", then the *exc* argument is the type of
   exception that will be raised (usually "IndexError" or
   "OverflowError").  If *exc* is *NULL*, then the exception is
   cleared and the value is clipped to *PY_SSIZE_T_MIN* for a negative
   integer or *PY_SSIZE_T_MAX* for a positive integer.

   New in version 2.5.

int PyIndex_Check(PyObject *o)

   Returns "1" if *o* is an index integer (has the nb_index slot of
   the tp_as_number structure filled in), and "0" otherwise.

   New in version 2.5.
